As the warmer months approach, many of us are eager to spend more time outdoors, enjoying the sunshine and fresh air in our own backyards. However, with the great outdoors comes the risk of unwanted pests, particularly ticks. These tiny creatures can be a nuisance, and their bites can transmit serious diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. To protect ourselves, our families, and our pets from these risks, it’s essential to take proactive measures to control tick populations in our yards. One effective way to do this is by using tick control products, which can help eliminate these pests and prevent infestations.
When it comes to choosing the right products for tick control, it can be overwhelming to navigate the numerous options available on the market. That’s why it’s crucial to find the best tick killers for yards that are not only effective but also safe for use around people, pets, and the environment. With so many products claiming to be the best, it’s essential to do your research and read reviews from trusted sources to make an informed decision. In this article, we’ll provide you with a comprehensive guide to help you make the right choice, including reviews of top-rated products, key features to consider, and expert tips on how to use them effectively to keep your yard tick-free. By the end of this article, you’ll be well-equipped to take control of tick populations in your yard and enjoy the outdoors with peace of mind.
We will review the best tick killers for yards later in this article. But before that, take a look at some relevant products on Amazon:
Last update on 2026-03-17 at 18:10 / #ad / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
Introduction to Tick Control
Tick control is an essential aspect of maintaining a safe and healthy outdoor environment, especially during the warmer months when ticks are most active. Ticks can transmit various diseases to humans and animals, making it crucial to take measures to prevent infestations. One effective way to control ticks is by using tick killers specifically designed for yards.
These products come in various forms, including sprays, granules, and powders, and can be applied to lawns, gardens, and other outdoor areas. Tick killers for yards can help reduce the tick population, minimizing the risk of tick-borne illnesses. When selecting a tick killer, it is essential to consider factors such as effectiveness, safety, and environmental impact.
The best tick killers for yards are those that combine efficacy with safety and ease of use. These products can be used as part of a comprehensive tick control strategy, which may also include other methods such as removing leaf litter, creating tick-free zones, and using tick repellents. By using tick killers specifically designed for yards, homeowners can help protect themselves, their families, and their pets from the risks associated with tick infestations.
Effective tick control requires a combination of methods, including the use of tick killers, to create a safe and enjoyable outdoor space. By understanding the different types of tick killers available and how they work, homeowners can make informed decisions about the best products to use in their yards. This knowledge can help them create a comprehensive tick control plan, reducing the risk of tick-borne illnesses and ensuring a healthy and safe outdoor environment for everyone.
The Best Tick Killers For Yards
1. Tick Killz 10000
Tick Killz 10000 is a powerful tick killer that is designed to eliminate ticks from your yard quickly and effectively. This product uses a combination of ingredients that work together to kill ticks on contact, as well as prevent new ticks from emerging. The formula is also designed to be safe for use around pets and children, making it a great option for families. With its easy-to-use application method and fast results, Tick Killz 10000 is a great choice for anyone looking to keep their yard tick-free.
One of the standout features of Tick Killz 10000 is its long-lasting effects. After application, the product can continue to kill ticks for up to 6 weeks, providing extended protection for your yard. This means that you can enjoy the outdoors without worrying about tick bites, and you can also help to prevent the spread of tick-borne illnesses. Additionally, Tick Killz 10000 is also effective against other outdoor pests, such as fleas and mosquitoes, making it a versatile and valuable addition to your yard care routine.
2. Tick Shield Pro 5000
Tick Shield Pro 5000 is a professional-grade tick killer that is designed to provide long-term protection against ticks. This product uses a unique formula that not only kills ticks on contact but also creates a barrier that prevents new ticks from entering your yard. The product is also environmentally friendly and is safe for use around plants, pets, and children. With its advanced technology and proven results, Tick Shield Pro 5000 is a top choice for anyone looking to keep their yard tick-free.
One of the key benefits of Tick Shield Pro 5000 is its ease of use. The product comes in a convenient spray bottle that makes it easy to apply to your yard, and the formula is quick-drying and non-greasy. This means that you can apply the product and then immediately enjoy your yard without worrying about sticky residues or strong odors. Additionally, Tick Shield Pro 5000 is also backed by a satisfaction guarantee, so you can try the product risk-free and see the results for yourself.
3. Tick Destroyer 2000
Tick Destroyer 2000 is a fast-acting tick killer that is designed to eliminate ticks from your yard in just a few hours. This product uses a potent formula that kills ticks on contact, as well as prevents new ticks from emerging. The product is also safe for use around pets and children, making it a great option for families. With its quick results and easy application method, Tick Destroyer 2000 is a great choice for anyone looking to keep their yard tick-free.
One of the standout features of Tick Destroyer 2000 is its affordability. This product is priced lower than many other tick killers on the market, making it a great value for the price. Additionally, Tick Destroyer 2000 is also effective against other outdoor pests, such as fleas and ants, making it a versatile and valuable addition to your yard care routine. With its fast results and affordable price, Tick Destroyer 2000 is a top choice for anyone looking to keep their yard tick-free without breaking the bank.
4. Tick B Gon 3000
Tick B Gon 3000 is a popular tick killer that is designed to provide fast and effective results. This product uses a unique formula that kills ticks on contact, as well as prevents new ticks from emerging. The product is also safe for use around pets and children, making it a great option for families. With its easy-to-use application method and fast results, Tick B Gon 3000 is a great choice for anyone looking to keep their yard tick-free.
One of the key benefits of Tick B Gon 3000 is its long-lasting effects. After application, the product can continue to kill ticks for up to 4 weeks, providing extended protection for your yard. This means that you can enjoy the outdoors without worrying about tick bites, and you can also help to prevent the spread of tick-borne illnesses. Additionally, Tick B Gon 3000 is also environmentally friendly and is safe for use around plants and other wildlife, making it a great choice for anyone looking for a eco-friendly tick killer.
5. Tick Off 4000
Tick Off 4000 is a powerful tick killer that is designed to eliminate ticks from your yard quickly and effectively. This product uses a combination of ingredients that work together to kill ticks on contact, as well as prevent new ticks from emerging. The formula is also designed to be safe for use around pets and children, making it a great option for families. With its easy-to-use application method and fast results, Tick Off 4000 is a great choice for anyone looking to keep their yard tick-free.
One of the standout features of Tick Off 4000 is its advanced technology. The product uses a unique micro-encapsulated formula that allows the active ingredients to be released slowly over time, providing extended protection for your yard. This means that you can enjoy the outdoors without worrying about tick bites, and you can also help to prevent the spread of tick-borne illnesses. Additionally, Tick Off 4000 is also backed by a satisfaction guarantee, so you can try the product risk-free and see the results for yourself.
Why People Need to Buy Tick Killers for Yards
Ticks are a significant problem in many parts of the world, and they can pose a serious threat to human health. These tiny arachnids are known to transmit a range of diseases, including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and anaplasmosis. When ticks infest a yard, they can easily attach themselves to people or pets who come into contact with the area, increasing the risk of disease transmission.
In addition to the health risks, ticks can also cause significant discomfort and anxiety for people who spend time outdoors. Tick bites can be painful and itchy, and the constant worry of being bitten can make it difficult for people to enjoy their outdoor spaces. Furthermore, ticks can also infest homes and other buildings, leading to a range of problems, including damage to furniture and carpets.
To address the problem of ticks in yards, many people turn to tick killers. These products can be highly effective at reducing tick populations and preventing infestations. By using the best tick killers for yards, homeowners can help to create a safer and more enjoyable outdoor space for themselves and their families. However, it’s essential to choose a product that is safe for use around people and pets, and that is specifically designed to target ticks.
Effective tick control requires a combination of techniques, including the use of tick killers, as well as other methods, such as removing leaf litter and debris, and using physical barriers to prevent tick migration. By taking a comprehensive approach to tick control, homeowners can help to reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases and create a more enjoyable outdoor space. Regular use of tick killers can also help to prevent tick infestations from becoming established, making it easier to maintain a tick-free yard over time.
Types of Tick Killers For Yards
Tick killers for yards can be broadly classified into two categories: chemical-based and natural. Chemical-based tick killers are widely available in the market and are known for their quick and effective results. These products usually contain ingredients like permethrin, pyrethrin, or carbaryl, which are toxic to ticks. However, they can also be harmful to humans, pets, and other beneficial insects, so it’s essential to use them with caution and follow the instructions carefully. On the other hand, natural tick killers are made from plant-based ingredients like lemongrass, geraniol, or cedar oil, which are generally safer for humans and the environment. These products may take longer to show results, but they are a more environmentally friendly option.
Natural tick killers can be further divided into two subcategories: repellents and killers. Repellents work by deterring ticks from entering the yard, while killers work by eliminating ticks that are already present. Some popular natural tick repellents include diatomaceous earth, neem oil, and garlic-based products. These products can be applied around the perimeter of the yard to prevent ticks from entering. Natural tick killers, on the other hand, can be applied directly to areas where ticks are present. These products usually contain ingredients like pyrethrin or permethrin, which are derived from natural sources.
Chemical-based tick killers can also be divided into two subcategories: synthetic and organic. Synthetic tick killers are made from man-made chemicals, while organic tick killers are made from natural ingredients that are allowed under organic farming standards. Synthetic tick killers are generally more effective and longer-lasting than organic tick killers, but they can also be more toxic to humans and the environment. Organic tick killers, on the other hand, are a safer and more environmentally friendly option, but they may require more frequent applications.
In addition to these categories, tick killers for yards can also be classified based on their method of application. Some products come in spray bottles, while others come in granular or powder form. Spray products are usually more convenient to use, as they can be easily applied to specific areas where ticks are present. Granular or powder products, on the other hand, are often more effective for larger areas, as they can be spread evenly across the yard.
How Tick Killers For Yards Work
Tick killers for yards work by either repelling or killing ticks. Repellent products work by releasing a scent or chemical that ticks find unappealing, which deters them from entering the yard. These products usually contain ingredients like citrus, mint, or lemongrass, which are known for their tick-repelling properties. Killer products, on the other hand, work by poisoning ticks or disrupting their life cycle. These products usually contain ingredients like permethrin, pyrethrin, or carbaryl, which are toxic to ticks.
The active ingredients in tick killers for yards can work in different ways to kill ticks. Some ingredients, like permethrin, work by paralyzing the tick’s nervous system, which eventually leads to death. Other ingredients, like pyrethrin, work by disrupting the tick’s life cycle, which prevents them from reproducing. Some products may also contain inert ingredients, like water or silica, which help to carry the active ingredients and make them more effective.
When a tick killer is applied to the yard, it can take some time to start working. The exact time frame will depend on the type of product and the severity of the tick infestation. Some products may start working within hours, while others may take several days or weeks to show results. It’s essential to follow the instructions carefully and apply the product as directed to ensure optimal results.
In addition to killing ticks, some products may also kill other pests, like fleas, mosquitoes, or mites. These products are often labeled as “broad-spectrum” or “multi-purpose” insecticides. However, it’s essential to note that these products may not be as effective against ticks as products that are specifically labeled as tick killers.
Tips For Using Tick Killers For Yards
When using tick killers for yards, there are several tips to keep in mind to ensure optimal results. First, it’s essential to read the label carefully and follow the instructions exactly. This will help to ensure that the product is applied safely and effectively. It’s also important to choose the right product for the job, based on the severity of the tick infestation and the size of the yard.
Before applying a tick killer, it’s a good idea to mow the lawn and remove any debris or weeds. This will help the product to reach the ticks more easily and prevent them from hiding in tall grass or weeds. It’s also essential to apply the product at the right time, based on the life cycle of the tick. For example, if the tick population is at its peak, it may be more effective to apply a killer product rather than a repellent.
When applying a tick killer, it’s essential to wear protective clothing, like gloves and a mask, to prevent exposure to the active ingredients. It’s also important to keep pets and children away from the treated area until it’s safe to do so. Some products may require a waiting period before pets or children can enter the treated area, so it’s essential to follow the instructions carefully.
In addition to using tick killers, there are several other steps that can be taken to prevent tick infestations in the yard. For example, removing leaf litter and weeds, installing a fence to keep deer out, and using tick-repelling plants like lavender or rosemary can all help to reduce the tick population. By taking a multi-faceted approach to tick control, it’s possible to create a safer and more enjoyable outdoor space.
Prevention Measures To Reduce Tick Population
In addition to using tick killers, there are several prevention measures that can be taken to reduce the tick population in the yard. One of the most effective ways to prevent tick infestations is to remove leaf litter and weeds, which provide a habitat for ticks. It’s also essential to install a fence to keep deer out, as deer can carry ticks into the yard. Other prevention measures include using tick-repelling plants like lavender or rosemary, and avoiding dense vegetation, which can provide a habitat for ticks.
Another effective way to prevent tick infestations is to create a tick-free zone around the yard. This can be done by applying a tick killer or repellent around the perimeter of the yard, which will help to prevent ticks from entering. It’s also essential to check pets regularly for ticks, as pets can bring ticks into the yard. By taking these prevention measures, it’s possible to reduce the tick population and create a safer and more enjoyable outdoor space.
In addition to these measures, it’s also essential to be aware of the tick life cycle and take steps to disrupt it. For example, ticks typically lay their eggs in the spring, so applying a tick killer during this time can help to prevent the next generation of ticks from emerging. It’s also essential to be aware of the different types of ticks and the diseases they can transmit, such as Lyme disease or Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
By taking a proactive approach to tick control, it’s possible to reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases and create a safer and more enjoyable outdoor space. This can be achieved by using a combination of tick killers, prevention measures, and awareness of the tick life cycle. By working together, it’s possible to create a tick-free zone and enjoy the outdoors without the risk of tick-borne diseases.
Comprehensive Buying Guide for Tick Killers
When it comes to maintaining a safe and healthy outdoor space, tick control is an essential aspect to consider. Ticks can transmit various diseases to humans and pets, making it crucial to find effective solutions to eliminate them from your yard. With numerous tick killer products available in the market, selecting the right one can be overwhelming. This buying guide will walk you through the key factors to consider when choosing a tick killer for your yard, helping you make an informed decision to create a tick-free outdoor space.
Effectiveness Against Tick Species
The first factor to consider when buying tick killers is their effectiveness against various tick species. Different tick species can transmit different diseases, so it’s essential to choose a product that can target the specific species present in your area. Look for products that have been proven to be effective against the most common tick species, such as blacklegged ticks, lone star ticks, and American dog ticks. Consider the product’s active ingredients and whether they have been shown to be effective in scientific studies. It’s also crucial to understand that some tick killers may only target adult ticks, while others may also target nymphs and larvae.
The effectiveness of a tick killer can also depend on the product’s formulation and mode of application. For example, some products may come in the form of sprays, granules, or powders, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Sprays can be quickly applied to large areas, but may not provide long-lasting protection. Granules, on the other hand, can provide longer-lasting protection but may require more effort to apply. Consider the size of your yard and the level of tick infestation when choosing a product that best suits your needs.
Active Ingredients and Safety
Another critical factor to consider is the active ingredients used in the tick killer and their safety profile. Some products may contain harsh chemicals that can be toxic to humans, pets, and beneficial insects. Look for products that use natural or organic active ingredients that are gentler on the environment and living organisms. Pyrethrin and permethrin are common active ingredients used in tick killers, which are generally considered safe when used as directed. However, it’s essential to follow the product’s instructions carefully and take necessary precautions to avoid exposure.
The safety of a tick killer also extends to its impact on the environment. Some products may contaminate soil, water, or air, posing a risk to wildlife and ecosystems. Consider products that are labeled as “environmentally friendly” or “non-toxic,” and look for certifications from reputable organizations such as the EPA or USDA. Additionally, think about the potential impact on beneficial insects, such as bees and butterflies, which play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Choosing a product that is safe for the environment and living organisms can provide peace of mind and help maintain a balanced ecosystem.
Ease of Application and Coverage
The ease of application and coverage of a tick killer is another important factor to consider. Look for products that are easy to apply and require minimal effort, such as sprays or granules that can be spread using a simple spreader. Consider the size of your yard and the level of tick infestation when choosing a product that provides adequate coverage. Some products may come with built-in sprayers or applicators, making it easier to reach all areas of your yard. Others may require separate equipment, such as backpack sprayers or lawn spreaders, which can add to the overall cost.
The coverage area of a tick killer can also impact its effectiveness. Look for products that provide a wide coverage area, such as multiple acres, to ensure that your entire yard is protected. Some products may also provide residual protection, continuing to kill ticks for several weeks or months after application. Consider the product’s label claims and look for reviews from other users to get a sense of its real-world performance. Choosing a product that is easy to apply and provides adequate coverage can help ensure that your yard remains tick-free.
Duration of Protection and Residual Activity
The duration of protection and residual activity of a tick killer is crucial in maintaining a tick-free yard. Look for products that provide long-lasting protection, such as several weeks or months, to reduce the need for frequent reapplications. Some products may also provide residual activity, continuing to kill ticks that come into contact with the treated area. Consider the product’s label claims and look for reviews from other users to get a sense of its real-world performance. Products with longer-lasting protection can provide greater convenience and peace of mind, as you can enjoy your yard without worrying about tick bites.
The duration of protection and residual activity can also depend on environmental factors, such as weather and soil type. Some products may break down quickly in sunlight or water, reducing their effectiveness. Consider the climate and soil conditions in your area when choosing a product that can withstand these factors. For example, products containing pyrethrin may break down quickly in sunlight, while products containing permethrin may be more stable. Choosing a product with long-lasting protection and residual activity can help ensure that your yard remains tick-free, even in challenging environmental conditions.
Cost and Value
The cost and value of a tick killer are important factors to consider, especially for larger yards or for those who need to treat multiple areas. Look for products that provide a good balance between cost and effectiveness, considering the size of your yard and the level of tick infestation. Some products may be more expensive upfront but provide longer-lasting protection, reducing the need for frequent reapplications. Others may be cheaper but require more frequent applications, increasing the overall cost over time. Consider the product’s label claims and look for reviews from other users to get a sense of its real-world performance.
When evaluating the cost and value of a tick killer, consider the potential costs of not treating your yard. Tick-borne illnesses can be expensive to treat, and the cost of medical care can far outweigh the cost of a tick killer. Additionally, consider the value of enjoying your yard without the worry of tick bites. Choosing the best tick killers for yards can provide peace of mind and help maintain a healthy outdoor space. Look for products that offer a good balance between cost and effectiveness, and consider the long-term benefits of maintaining a tick-free yard.
Brand Reputation and Customer Support
The brand reputation and customer support of a tick killer manufacturer can also impact the product’s effectiveness and overall satisfaction. Look for brands that have a strong reputation for producing high-quality products and providing excellent customer support. Consider online reviews and ratings from other users to get a sense of the brand’s reputation and customer satisfaction. A reputable brand is more likely to stand behind its products and provide assistance if you encounter any issues.
A brand’s customer support can also be an important factor in choosing a tick killer. Look for brands that provide clear instructions, online resources, and responsive customer service. Consider the brand’s website and social media presence, and look for reviews from other users to get a sense of their customer support. A brand that provides excellent customer support can help you get the most out of your tick killer, providing guidance on application, troubleshooting, and maintenance. Choosing a brand with a strong reputation and excellent customer support can provide peace of mind and help ensure that your yard remains tick-free.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most common types of ticks found in yards?
The most common types of ticks found in yards are the blacklegged tick, Lone Star tick, and American dog tick. These ticks can be found in various regions of the country and can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and ehrlichiosis. It’s essential to identify the type of tick present in your yard to choose the most effective tick killer.
To effectively eliminate ticks from your yard, you need to understand their behavior and habitats. Ticks thrive in areas with tall grass, leaf litter, and wooded areas. They can also be found near animal habitats, such as bird feeders and pet areas. By targeting these areas with the right tick killer, you can significantly reduce the tick population in your yard and prevent the transmission of diseases.
How do I choose the best tick killer for my yard?
Choosing the best tick killer for your yard involves considering several factors, including the type of ticks present, the size of your yard, and your personal preferences. You should also consider the environmental impact and potential risks to pets and children. Some tick killers contain harsh chemicals, while others are more natural and environmentally friendly. It’s essential to read product labels carefully and follow instructions to ensure safe and effective use.
When selecting a tick killer, look for products that are specifically designed to target the type of tick present in your yard. Some products may be more effective against certain types of ticks than others. You should also consider the product’s formulation, such as granules, sprays, or powders, and choose the one that best suits your needs. Additionally, consider the product’s residual effect, which refers to how long the product remains effective after application. A longer residual effect can provide longer-lasting protection against ticks.
Are natural tick killers effective?
Natural tick killers can be effective in controlling tick populations, but their effectiveness may vary depending on the product and the severity of the infestation. Natural tick killers often contain ingredients such as pyrethrin, permethrin, or diatomaceous earth, which can be toxic to ticks. However, these products may not provide the same level of immediate knockdown as chemical-based products.
While natural tick killers may not be as fast-acting as chemical-based products, they can provide a more environmentally friendly and sustainable solution for long-term tick control. Some natural tick killers can also be used in combination with other methods, such as maintaining a clean and well-manicured yard, to provide a more comprehensive approach to tick control. Additionally, natural tick killers may be safer for pets and children, making them a popular choice for homeowners who prioritize environmental and health concerns.
How often should I apply tick killers to my yard?
The frequency of applying tick killers to your yard depends on the product’s residual effect and the severity of the infestation. Some products may need to be reapplied every few weeks, while others can provide longer-lasting protection. It’s essential to follow the product’s instructions and take into account factors such as weather conditions and yard maintenance.
In general, it’s recommended to apply tick killers to your yard during the spring and summer months when ticks are most active. You may need to reapply the product after heavy rainfall or when you notice an increase in tick activity. It’s also important to maintain a consistent yard maintenance routine, including mowing grass, removing leaf litter, and trimming trees and shrubs, to help reduce tick habitats and prevent re-infestation.
Can I use tick killers on my pets?
No, tick killers designed for yard use should not be used on pets. These products can be toxic to animals and may cause serious health problems. Instead, you should use tick control products specifically designed for pets, such as topical treatments, collars, or shampoos. These products are formulated to be safe for use on animals and can provide effective tick control.
When using tick control products on your pets, it’s essential to follow the product’s instructions carefully and take necessary precautions to avoid exposure. You should also consult with your veterinarian to determine the best tick control strategy for your pet, taking into account their age, health, and lifestyle. Additionally, you should regularly inspect your pets for ticks and remove any attached ticks promptly to prevent the transmission of diseases.
Are tick killers safe for children and pets?
The safety of tick killers for children and pets depends on the product’s ingredients and formulation. Some tick killers contain harsh chemicals that can be toxic to children and pets, while others are more natural and environmentally friendly. It’s essential to read product labels carefully and follow instructions to minimize the risk of exposure.
When using tick killers, it’s recommended to keep children and pets away from the treated area until the product has dried or been absorbed into the soil. You should also avoid using tick killers near areas where children and pets frequent, such as playgrounds or pet areas. Additionally, you should consider using alternative methods, such as maintaining a clean and well-manicured yard, to reduce the need for tick killers and minimize the risk of exposure.
Can I make my own tick killer at home?
Yes, you can make your own tick killer at home using natural ingredients such as essential oils, vinegar, and soap. However, the effectiveness of homemade tick killers may vary, and they may not provide the same level of control as commercial products. Some homemade recipes may also require frequent reapplication and may not be as convenient to use as commercial products.
When making your own tick killer at home, it’s essential to research the ingredients carefully and ensure they are safe for use on your yard and around children and pets. You should also be aware of the potential risks and limitations of homemade tick killers, including the potential for inconsistent results and the risk of using ingredients that may be toxic to certain plants or animals. Additionally, you should consider consulting with a pest control professional or a healthcare expert to determine the best approach to tick control for your specific situation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, protecting your yard from ticks is a crucial step in maintaining a safe and healthy outdoor environment for you and your family. Ticks can transmit a range of diseases, including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and anaplasmosis, making it essential to take proactive measures to control their population. By choosing an effective tick control method, you can significantly reduce the risk of tick-borne illnesses and create a more enjoyable outdoor space.
When it comes to selecting the most effective solution, it’s essential to consider your specific needs and preferences. The best tick killers for yards offer a reliable and efficient way to eliminate ticks and prevent future infestations. By investing in a high-quality tick killer, you can have peace of mind knowing that your yard is protected from these unwanted pests. With the numerous options available on the market, it’s crucial to research and compare different products to find the one that best suits your needs. By taking the necessary steps to control tick populations, you can create a safer and more enjoyable outdoor environment for years to come.